The power battery types of new energy vehicles are mainly divided into lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium batteries, which basically divide the power battery share of the new energy market, so the problem comes, the proportion of lithium iron phosphate batteries is higher, does it mean that it has more advantages? What is the difference between lithium iron phosphate battery and ternary lithium battery? Which is the way forward? Today we're going to take a look.

The two main differences are as follows:

1. Different materials

Because the negative electrode of different types of lithium batteries is graphite, but the positive electrode material is different, so we will basically use the positive electrode material to distinguish the lithium battery. Lithium iron phosphate battery refers to the lithium ion battery using lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode material, and ternary lithium battery refers to the lithium ion battery using nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium as a positive electrode material.

It is worth mentioning that because the lithium iron phosphate battery does not contain precious metal elements such as cobalt, its raw material price is also lower, and the resource content of phosphorus and iron on the earth is also relatively rich. Ternary lithium batteries, on the contrary, not only have higher raw material costs, but also relatively high production technology thresholds.

2. Different energy density

In terms of energy density, lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary lithium batteries are also different. The energy density of the lithium iron phosphate battery cell is about 110Wh/kg, and the energy density of the ternary lithium battery cell is about 200Wh/kg. In other words, the same weight of the battery, the energy density of the ternary lithium battery is 1.6-1.7 times that of the lithium iron phosphate battery, so the ternary lithium battery can bring longer life for new energy vehicles.

3. Temperature resistance is different

In terms of resistance to temperature, lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary lithium batteries also have different performance. Under high temperature conditions, the ternary lithium battery will decompose at 200 ° C, while the decomposition temperature of the lithium phosphate battery is 800 ° C, so the lithium iron phosphate battery is more resistant to high temperature and less prone to fire, and the safety of the lithium iron phosphate battery is better from the side.

However, although the lithium iron phosphate battery is resistant to high temperature, it performs poorly under low temperature conditions, and its limit working temperature is about minus 20 degrees. The limit temperature of ternary lithium battery is about minus 30 degrees, so the new energy vehicle equipped with ternary lithium battery will have better performance at low temperature.

4. Charge and discharge cycle life is different

In the number of charge and discharge, the two also have different performance. Among them, the number of charge and discharge cycles of lithium iron phosphate batteries can reach 3500-5000 times, while the number of cycles of ternary lithium batteries is only about 2500 times. In other words, new energy vehicles equipped with lithium iron phosphate batteries can be used for a longer time.

Lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary lithium batteries actually have their own advantages and disadvantages. Among them, the lithium iron phosphate battery has the advantages of high temperature resistance, strong safety and stability, cheap price and better cycle performance; The ternary lithium battery is more resistant to low temperature, has a higher capacity density, of course, its price is also higher.

Which is the way forward?

Lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary lithium batteries have their advantages and disadvantages, so which is the future direction of development? On this issue, in fact, everyone has different words, have different views. However, because the ternary lithium battery has the advantage of small volume and large capacity, it is more dominant in the electric bicycle market. Lithium iron phosphate has more advantages in the application of energy storage because of its price advantage.